Category: Firefighting Techniques
Techniques, tactics, and training used in firefighting
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Where the 132 in ASTM E662 Comes From
The 132 in the smoke density formula is not a constant of smoke but a geometric factor from chamber dimensions — and why the log is there.
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The 5.5 in the Fire Duration Formula
The 5.5 is not part of the ventilation factor. It converts it into a burning rate. The formula skeleton, a unit check, and why 5.5 and 0.09 are…
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Pyrolysis: Charring Without a Flame
Charring is not burning – it is what heat leaves behind. Why insulation chars without flame, why char survives in oxygen, and typical decomposition ranges.
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How to Read NFPA Standards for Free: 5 Legal Routes, from Free Access to Draft Reports
Five legal ways to read NFPA standards for free — Free Access, TIAs, draft reports, incorporated editions, industry blogs — plus how we automated edition-change tracking.