Star Whale Analytics Lab — Visitor Statistics with Umami

Self-hosting build series part 5. Taking data sovereignty to the mini-PC.

TL;DR

Google Analytics free = I give visitor data to Google servers + forced cookie consent pop-ups
Umami self-hosted = own analysis on mini-PC. No cookies, data owned by me, automatic exemption from GDPR
Docker Compose in 5 minutes. Automatic injection of one line tracker into WP = done
Display: visitor count, popular posts, traffic sources, devices, countries, dwell time

1. The Hidden Costs of Google Analytics

Item	Google Analytics 4	Umami self-hosted
Cost	Free (personal use)	Free (open source)
Data Ownership	Google	Own mini-PC
Cookie Consent Popup	Required (GDPR/CCPA)	Unnecessary (0 cookies)
Page Load Load	~50KB JS	~2KB JS
User Tracking	Cross-site (linked to Google ads)	Same site only
South Korea PIPA Compliance	Complicated	Automatic exemption
Setup Complexity	1 hour+	5 minutes

Google Analytics externalizes the real costs to the user (the visitor). Is it normal for Google to take all that data just because a visitor entered my site? For a personal blog, it is right to operate it ourselves.

2. Structure

When the visitor browser receives the Star Whale page, the script in the head <script defer src="https://analytics.sticknstone.org/script.js" data-website-id="..."> executes → asynchronous request to Umami → Umami logs to Postgres. The page display is not interrupted.

3. Docker Compose

/home/user/umami/docker-compose.yml:

services:
  umami:
    image: ghcr.io/umami-software/umami:postgresql-latest
    restart: unless-stopped
    depends_on:
      db:
        condition: service_healthy
    environment:
      DATABASE_URL: postgresql://umami:${DB_PASSWORD}@db:5432/umami
      DATABASE_TYPE: postgresql
      APP_SECRET: ${APP_SECRET}
    ports:
      - "3001:3000"

  db:
    image: postgres:16-alpine
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
      POSTGRES_DB: umami
      POSTGRES_USER: umami
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${DB_PASSWORD}
    volumes:
      - umami_db:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U umami"]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 6

volumes:
  umami_db:

.env:

APP_SECRET=$(openssl rand -hex 32)
DB_PASSWORD=$(openssl rand -hex 24)

Run:

cd /home/user/umami
docker compose up -d
curl -I http://localhost:3001  # HTTP/1.1 200

Default login: admin / umami. Change the password immediately.

4. Registering Star Whale + Receiving Tracker

Umami dashboard → Websites → Add Website:

Field	Value
Name	Star Whale Logbook
Domain	sticknstone.org

Save → Click site → Edit → Tracking Code:

<script defer src="https://analytics.sticknstone.org/script.js" data-website-id="1892c870-dd4d-4ce7-9fd6-2635f8ef6220"></script>

5. Automatic Injection into WP — mu-plugin

The code is automatically placed, not manually by me for every post.

/var/www/html/wp-content/mu-plugins/umami-tracker.php:

<?php
/**
 * Plugin Name: Umami Analytics Tracker
 * Description: Injects Umami tracker into front-end pages. Excludes logged-in users.
 */
if (!defined('ABSPATH')) exit;

add_action('wp_head', function () {
    if (is_admin()) return;
    if (is_user_logged_in()) return;  // Exclude my own visits
    ?>
    <script defer src="https://analytics.sticknstone.org/script.js" data-website-id="1892c870-dd4d-4ce7-9fd6-2635f8ef6220"></script>
    <?php
}, 100);

Checking is_user_logged_in() = the number of times I’ve previewed my own posts will not be counted in the statistics. Surprisingly important.

6. What is Visible on the Dashboard

Screen	Data
Overview	Daily, weekly, monthly visitors, page views, sessions, dwell time
Pages	Ranking of popular posts
Referrers	Traffic sources (Google, Twitter, other sites)
Browsers	Chrome, Safari, Firefox ratio
OS	Windows, Mac, iOS, Android
Devices	Desktop, mobile, tablet
Countries	Visitors by country
Languages	Browser languages
Events	Clicks and downloads defined by me

Automatically updates every 5 seconds. Realtime menu = see who is currently viewing which page.

7. Reason to Handle Domain Linking Together

When the tracker is first received, the URL is http://192.168.0.x:3001/script.js (LAN IP). This causes:
– HTTP → Browser Mixed Content block
– LAN IP → Uninterpretable from external visitor PCs

→ Umami must be activated after connecting the domain (part 9). It needs to be exposed externally as analytics.sticknstone.org to function.

FAQ

Q. Is there a free cloud plan for Umami?
Umami Cloud starts at $9 per month. Self-hosted is unlimited and free. If you have a mini-PC, self-hosted is the answer.

Q. Can I migrate from Google Analytics?
No past data import. It’s a fresh start. However, both tools can be operational concurrently (both trackers can be placed).

Q. Do I need to worry about South Korea’s PIPA (Personal Information Protection Act)?
Umami does not store IP addresses (only hashes), and there are no cookies. It qualifies for PIPA exemption.

Q. Is there a mobile app?
No official app. The mobile web is responsive, so it displays well on phones.

Q. Can I export data as CSV?
CSV and JSON export are available on the dashboard. API is also provided.

Next Part Preview

Part 6 — Domain Fraud: Cloudflare Registrar. Reasons for purchasing from Cloudflare with Gabia and WhoIs (price, management integration, future Tunnel connection).

Summary in One Line

The real cost of Google Analytics is the externalization of user data. Umami self-hosted = 5 minutes of Docker on the mini-PC + automatic WP mu-plugin injection = data sovereignty + no cookies + the same information.

Tag: Star Whale 구축기